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Action of 9 February 1799 (South Africa)
The Action of 9 February 1799 was a minor naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars between a British Royal Navy frigate and a French privateer frigate fought west of the southeastern coast of what is now Natal in South Africa. The 32-gun French frigate ''Prudente'' had since the start of the war been part of a squadron operating from Île de France (now Mauritius). This squadron had dispersed during 1798, with the ships sent on independent commerce raiding operations across the British trade routes in the Indian Ocean. ''Prudente'' had subsequently been seized in the autumn of that year by Anne Joseph Hippolyte de Maurès, Comte de Malartic, the Governor of Île de France, and sold to a private raiding company.
In early 1799 ''Prudente'' was operating off South Africa, attacking British trade passing to or from the Cape Colony when the ship was discovered by British frigate HMS ''Daedalus'' under Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball. ''Prudente'' turned away and Ball gave chase, following the French ship closely. After five hours ''Daedalus'' caught ''Prudente'' and fired a raking broadside into the stern, disabling the French ship. For another hour the action continued at close range until ''Prudente'' was forced to surrender.
==Background==
By 1799 British forces dominated the Indian Ocean, controlling the economically vital trade routes from China, the Dutch East Indies and British India to Europe. The French Navy had originally deployed only two frigates in the region, ''Prudente'' and ''Cybèle'', operating from Port Louis on Île de France. This force was subsequently augmented in the summer of 1796 by a large squadron of frigates under Contre-amiral Pierre César Charles de Sercey, which cruised in the East Indies during 1796 and 1797, suffering setbacks at Action of 9 September 1796 and the Bali Strait Incident. During 1798 the squadron dispersed, as his crews became increasingly mutinous and the Colonial Assembly of Île de France grew openly disdainful of his efforts, refusing to provide reinforcements or supplies to his ships.
To mitigate this disaffection, Sercey ordered two of his frigates, ''Prudente'' and ''Forte'' to cruise in the Bay of Bengal against British trade during the autumn of 1798. When these ships returned, Sercey had already sailed for the east, leaving instructions for the frigates to follow. These orders were however countermanded by the Governor of Île de France, Malartic, who ordered the frigates seized while they were in harbour. Although Sercey protested Malartic's actions, the governor issued new orders to the ships: ''Forte'' was sent northeast to operate in the Bay of Bengal off Calcutta while ''Prudente'' was partially disarmed and sold to a privateering concern to operate against trade as a commercial investment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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